Showing posts with label drogas. Show all posts
Showing posts with label drogas. Show all posts
Drug stats
"In 2009 David Nutt was the chair of the UK's government's Advisory Council on t Misuse of Drugs. He shared the view I have described here: that drugs should be legally classified based on how harmful each drug is to individuals and to others. So, for example, if heroin is the most dangerous drug it should be the most restricted drug with the harshest punishment attached to its possession or distribution; if alcohol is the least dangerous drug, that would justify legal access compared to other recreational drugs. This method of classification seems so rational that many people in the UK probably assume it happens de facto, and by extension assume that alcohol is the safest drug because it is one of the easiest to acquire.
This metric of risk has been quantified by Nutt and his team in multiple papers. In one study, to come up with an unbiased way to determine the 'danger' of a drug, they calculated a score for each drug based on various types of harms: mortality rate, damage to physical health (e.g. cirrhosis; viruses), the degree to which it impaired mental functioning, likelihood of injury, committing a crime, family adversities, economic cost to society and so on (there were sixteen types of harms in total, nine describing harms to oneself and seven describing harms to others in society). Once these dangers were combined mathematically, each drug was given a relative score to every other drug, such that a drug scoring 50 was half as harmful as one that scored 100. Because not all types of harms are equally bad this was also reflected in the drug's score: drug-related mortality – the extent to which your life is shortened by that particular drug – was mathematically weighted as the most important harm of all.
The drug with the highest score on this danger scale overall (across both self and other danger categories) is alcohol. Alcohol scored over 70 on the scale of relative harm. This is because although the top three most dangerous drugs for harm to oneself are heroin, crack cocaine and methamphetamine, alcohol is the drug associated with the highest danger of harm to others (and is also associated with a relative high danger of harm to oneself). Tobacco placed sixth – less harmful than alcohol, heroin and cocaine.
In comparison, other recreational drugs such as magic mushrooms were associated with almost no harm at all. In fact, ecstasy, LSD and magic mushrooms were all at the bottom of the chart with scores of almost zero (in the case of magic mushrooms, actually zero) for danger to others; both scored below 10 for harm to oneself. Cannabis, although more harmful than mushrooms, was still less harmful than alcohol and a little bit less harmful than tobacco.
This scale was first developed and used to rate alcohol along with other drugs in a paper from 2007. Two years later Nutt wrote an editorial in the 'Journal of Psychopharmacology' arguing that the risks involved in horse riding – which is associated with one serious adverse event per approximately 350 'exposures' – exceeded those associated with the drug ecstasy, which is associated with one serious adverse event per approximately 10,000 exposures. (The article was entitled 'Equasy – An overlooked addiction with implications for the current debate on drug harms'.) Later that year Nutt made a statement that alcohol was more dangerous than many illegal drugs, leading to his subsequent dismissal from the position on the government's Advisory Council. But although his statement – and the 'Equasy' article – was undoubtedly provocative, it was also doing exactly what it should do: using scientific evidence to advise policy about the relative risk of recreational drugs."
Camilla Nord, in The Balanced Brain [pg 134-136]
Impaciência do Coração
Impaciência do Coração: Comportamento Humano Desviante e Justiça - Neste programa, Gabriela Moita conversa com o psicólogo Luís Fernandes.
Rick Doblin: Psychedelics
OUTLINE:
0:00 - Introduction
1:39 - Introduction to psychedelics
4:54 - Psychedelics reveals the inner depths of humans
17:28 - Differences between psychedelics
24:53 - The future of psychedelics
33:37 - Epigenetics
39:34 - DMT
47:00 - Ego dissolution
50:17 - One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest
53:17 - Psychedelics and Creativity
57:10 - MKUltra and the Grateful Dead
1:01:49 - Ted Kaczynski
1:07:31 - Timothy Leary
1:14:55 - Good Friday Experiment
1:19:30 - Forming of MAPS
1:30:45 - Gaining access to psychedelics
1:39:15 - MDMA Medical Trials
2:10:45 - Clinical Trials for other substances
2:15:28 - Future of society with psychedelics
2:19:58 - Big Pharma
2:26:17 - Advice for the younger generations
2:32:02 - Meaning of life
Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies: here
Rick Doblin: about
Rachel Yehuda: here
Nature VS Nurture
So... What is acceptable and what is respectable, is a highly arbitrary phenomenon in our society."
Também aqui
do ócio, da realidade virtual, do dolce far niente
monty python football
"Pode ser que a prosperidade tecnológica torne possível alimentar e manter as massas sem que a estas seja exigido qualquer esforço. Mas como é que se irão ocupar e manter satisfeitas? Se as pessoas não fizerem nada, enlouquecem. Como é que vão ocupar os dias? Uma das soluções pode passar pelas drogas e pelos jogos de computador. Os excedentários poderão passar cada vez mais tempo imersos em mundos de realidade virtual a três dimensões, que lhes proporcionariam emoções mais fortes e um envolvimento muito maior do que a realidade cinzenta lá fora. Mas, a acontecer, isto representaria um golpe fatal para a crença do liberalismo no carácter sagrado da vida e das experiências humanas. O que poderia haver de tão sagrado na vida de parasitas inúteis que passem os dias em experiências virtuais na Terra do Faz-de-Conta?."
Yuval Noah Harari, Homo Deus
Hungry Ghosts
“Nothing records the effects of a sad life so graphically as the human body.”
Naguib Mahfouz
The Power of Addiction and The Addiction of Power: Gabor Maté at TEDxRio+20
"The three things people are afraid of are, death, other people, and their own minds"
R. D. Laing
Addiction is any behaviour that gives you temporary relief, temporary pleasure, but in the long term causes harm That has some negative consequences and you can't give it up."
Gabor Maté
The body keeps the score
"If the people who you are programmed to love hurt you, the whole relationship towards them becomes extremely complex, and it becomes very hard to move away."
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The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma |
"Love is also a very important part of traumatic stress and it gets very messed up in traumatic stress. You get to love people who do terrible things to you. You get to hate people who are very nice to you. You get sexually excited about things that hurt you. You get knocked out to things that are pleasurable."
"Many of these dimensions have been left out by the over simplistic stupid diagnostic system that we basically built up to firm up our relationship with the drug companies."
"We wriggled our fingers in front of peoples eyes. No one is going to take us seriously... before we had done the EMDR study and I told my 'real scientist' colleagues, that EMDR is a kickass treatment, they would say: So? Nobody's done the science. We don't know how it works, we don't know whether it works... And, I said, 'Ok, I'll do the science. So I did the science. And now I told my colleagues, 'the EMDR is a kickass treatment. My colleague said: 'I don't believe you.' So, before we did the study, it was a scientific question. Now that we've done the science, it becomes a religious question. People tend to be more lead by opinions than by facts. People are very devoted to their beliefs."
What are the benefits of EMDR therapy?"We wriggled our fingers in front of peoples eyes. No one is going to take us seriously... before we had done the EMDR study and I told my 'real scientist' colleagues, that EMDR is a kickass treatment, they would say: So? Nobody's done the science. We don't know how it works, we don't know whether it works... And, I said, 'Ok, I'll do the science. So I did the science. And now I told my colleagues, 'the EMDR is a kickass treatment. My colleague said: 'I don't believe you.' So, before we did the study, it was a scientific question. Now that we've done the science, it becomes a religious question. People tend to be more lead by opinions than by facts. People are very devoted to their beliefs."
What is neurofeedback?
MDMA assisted psychotherapy.
What is Internal Family Systems?
How trauma and resilience cross generations.
Adiar a recompensa
"Unnaturally strong explosions of synthetic experience and sensation and pleasure evoke unnaturally strong degrees of habituation. This has two consequences. As the first, soon we hardly notice anymore the fleeting whispers of pleasure caused by leaves in autumn, or by the promise of reward that will come after a long, difficult, and worthy task. The other consequence is that, after awhile, we even habituate to those artificial deluges of intensity.... Our tragedy is that we just become hungrier.
Thanks to the way our brains work, chronic over-stimulation fails to satisfy; it can leave a person nearly insatiable. Someone may find himself wondering automatically about every woman, "Would she engage in...?" Also, any resentment that arises from the mismatch between his virtual reality and his physical reality may raise doubts about his partner/union, making him uncharacteristically irritable and self-absorbed. He'll focus on what his relationship doesn't offer, not on what it does. Nor does dissatisfaction necessarily stop there. Humans tend to project such feelings automatically onto other aspects of life as well... sadly, distorted perception born of neurochemical dysregulation can make a person extremely resistant to understanding what's really driving him or what would ease his misery. His limbic brain has him firmly convinced that only his drug of choice will restore his good feelings.
It can take an uncomfortable month or two to restore normal perception after habitual overstimulation. But as ravenous feelings ease, it's easier to find satisfaction in every aspect of life." Robert Sapolsky, Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers
At the drug convention...
"The sight of a 344-pound police chief from Waco, Texas, necking openly with his 290-pound wife (or whatever woman he had with him) when the lights were turned off for a Dope Film was just barely tolerable on mescaline – which is mainly a sensual/surface drug that exaggerates reality, instead of altering it – but with a head full of acid, the sight of two fantastically obese human beings far gone in a public grope while a thousand cops all around them watched a movie about the "dangers of marijuana" would not be emotionally acceptable. The brain would reject it: The medulla would attempt to close itself off from the signals it was getting from the frontal lobes... and the middle-brain, meanwhile, would be trying desperately to put a different interpretation on the scene, before passing it back to the medulla and the risk of physical action."
Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
